en	Waste Policies country fact sheet

en	1. General facts

en	Country

en	Surface area (Km2)

en	Population (thousand inhabitants)

en	Population density (inhabitants/square km)

en	Average number of persons per private household

en	 GDP per capita in Purchasing Power Standards (PPS) EU25=100

en	GDP per capita (constant prices)

en	base year

en	Household characteristics by urbanisation degree, distribution of households %

en	Gross value added (GVA) – At current basic prices and current exchange rates (% of all branches)

en	2. National waste legislation 

en	2.1 Overview of waste legislation

en	2.2 National Acts/Laws on Waste Management

en	2.2.1 Framework legislation

en	2.2.2 National legislation with relevance for a number of waste streams

en	Waste policy area

en	Reference to national legislation

en	Year of transposition

en	2.2.3 National legislation on specific waste streams (selected)

en	Waste policy area

en	Reference to national legislation

en	2.3 Regional Waste Acts

en	Reference

en	Main content

en	Main features

en	National Regulations

en	3. Waste management plan

en	Overview

en	3.1 National Waste Management Plan

en	3.2 Regional waste management plans

en	4. Waste prevention

en	4.1 Objectives

en	4.2 Targets

en	4.3 Political strategy for waste prevention

en	Bans, based on EU legislation

en	Title

en	Waste stream

en	Year of introduction (amendment)

en	Legal document

en	Country specific bans

en	Instruments

en	Title

en	Scope

en	Year of introduction

en	Transition period

en	Objectives

en	Targets

en	Description of the instrument

en	Implementation

en	Result

en	Overview

en	Additional info

en	4.4 Policy instruments

en	4.4.1 Regulatory instruments 

en	4.4.2 Market based instruments 

en	4.4.3 Information based instruments 

en	4.4.4 Voluntary instruments and voluntary agreements

en	4.5 Results and data

en	4.6 Good practice examples - connected with waste prevention

en	Examples

en	Title

en	Description

en	5. Biodegradable municipal waste

en	5.1 Objectives

en	5.2 Targets

en	5.3 Political strategy

en	5.4 Policy instruments

en	5.4.1 Regulatory instruments 

en	5.4.2 Market based instruments 

en	5.4.3 Information based instruments 

en	5.4.4 Voluntary instruments and voluntary agreements

en	5.5 Results and data

en	6. Construction and demolition waste

en	6.1 Objectives

en	6.2 Targets

en	6.3 Political strategy

en	6.4 Policy instruments

en	6.4.1 Regulatory instruments 

en	6.4.2 Market based instruments 

en	6.4.3 Information based instruments 

en	6.4.4 Voluntary instruments and voluntary agreements

en	6.5 Results and data

en	7. Bibliography

en	References

en	8. Links to national waste information systems

en	URL

en	Title

en	Contents

en	Next chapters

en	Previous chapters

en	Add instrument

en	Delete instrument

en	The first section of the fact sheet provides the most recent available data on country specific factors which may have an influence on generation and management of waste, such as population, the economy, surface area and land use.

en	In order to guarantee harmonised data for all countries, this table will be filled in by the ETC, using EU wide sources for harmonised data (such as Eurostat).

en	2 National waste legislation - This section provides information on the national waste legislation, presenting the legislative framework concerning waste and including specific legislation regarding those waste areas which are part of the fact sheet. 

en	This chapter provides a short overview on <ul><li> how the responsibility for waste legislation is distributed (between national and regional authorities or between different ministries).</li><li> how the waste legislation is structured.</li></ul> 

en	The waste framework legislation comprises the main waste act(s) in which the general rules on waste management are determined. In addition to the reference of the act(s), the main content is presented.

en	In this chapter the crosscutting legislation is mentioned, which contains provisions for a number of waste streams, such as a landfill ban or a waste tax, and which is relevant for the content of this fact sheet. Only the name of the legislation and its reference is listed.

en	The chapter contains the selected legislation with relevance to waste prevention and the waste streams which are part of this fact sheet. Only the name of the legislation including the references is listed.

en	Regional waste legislation should only be presented, when the country has a strong federal character and the provinces have relevant responsibilities. The detail, in which the regional legislation is presented, depends on its relevance, the reference should be mentioned in any case.

en	3 National waste management plan - Waste management plans provide a good overview of the situation of waste management in the country. Section 3 contains main information about the institutional setting and the content of the national waste management plan.  

en	Information about the national waste management plans should comprise: <ul><li>The legal reference on which the waste management plan is based and its main provisions.</li><li>Overview of content</li><li>Implementation period / updating period(s)</li><li>Weblink, if available </li></ul>

en	Here the same applies like for the regional waste acts. The regional waste management plans should only be listed, when they have a specific relevance in their country. Information to be provided depends on the specific situation in the country. If all regional plans have a similar content, a general overview can be presented. Another approach can be to present exemplary plans. 

en	4 Waste prevention - Waste prevention has an exceptional position among all waste policy areas. Despite its high priority in waste policy, the political implementation of waste prevention is difficult. Therefore, this section contains not only policy instruments, but also initiatives, which can give inspiration for better implementation. The structure of this section is similar to the structure of the sections on specific waste streams below. 

en	In this chapter the general objectives of waste prevention or one of the waste streams as a whole are described. Objectives of specific policy instruments are listed in the chapter on policy instruments.

en	This chapter contains the concrete measurable targets for waste prevention or management of a waste stream. Examples could be:  <ul><li> Generation of municipal waste has to be reduced by 5% in the next 10 years (quantitative waste prevention) </li><li> Content of mercury in batteries is limited to 0,0005 % by weight (qualitative waste prevention) </li><li> Recycling rate for C&D waste has to reach 70%. </li></ul> 

en	The chapter on political strategy lists the policy instruments which have been introduced to manage a waste stream or to foster waste prevention and explains, how they are working together in order to reach the above mentioned objectives.

en	The policy instruments are structured in four types - Regulatory instruments, Market based instruments, Information based instruments and Voluntary instruments and voluntary agreements.<br/> In the section on waste prevention only those instruments should be mentioned, which have a clear relation to waste prevention and in which waste prevention is an important objective. For example: EMAS is an environmental management which deals also with waste prevention, but only as one small of many environmental aspects. Therefore, it should not be listed here. A national programme, however, which is designed to improve the implementation of environmental management of companies with a specific focus on waste (including waste prevention) should be mentioned.

en	These are policy instruments, where the legislation defines clear obligations, what has to be done or what is forbidden. Examples are bans, standards, compulsory criteria etc.

en	Market based instruments try to take influence by using financial pressures, e.g. taxes, charges, product fees, deposit refund schemes, subsidies.

en	Information can be directed either to the consumers in order to change their purchasing behaviour, e.g. awareness raising campaigns or product labelling, or the producers as a support to their environmental management, e.g. advisory programmes for businesses. 

en	Under this heading instruments with voluntary participation (EMAS, Ecolabelling) as well as agreements of business with government (self-commitment of business) can be mentioned.

en	Waste streams which are covered by the policy instrument; National / regional measures 

en	Year, in which the legislation introducing the policy instrument came into force

en	Is the policy instrument implemented at once or later in order to allow for a preparation (example: list of deadlines in the Landfill Directive for the implementation of the strategy to divert BMW away from landfills)

en	Objectives of this specific policy instrument (might be a repetition of one of the objectives mentioned for the whole waste stream)

en	Concrete measurable targets of this specific policy instrument (might be a repetition of one of the targets mentioned for the whole waste stream)

en	All information about the policy instrument which is relevant for the management of the waste stream or for implementation of waste prevention.

en	Reference to legal instrument or voluntary agreement document, etc.

en	What are the results, which can be directly assigned to this policy instrument? If the result can not be assigned to one specific policy instrument, but the whole set of measures, please mention it in the following chapter. If the results have been documented in a specific evaluation, please list the respective documents and add a link, if the document is available on the internet.

en	Information about the results of policy instruments are presented in this chapter. Special focus is given on results which can be attributed to the whole set of policy instruments. Results which can be clearly assigned to only one policy instrument should be mentioned in above chapter.  Main focus of the country fact sheets is the presentation of policy instruments in selected fields of waste management. But as the policy instruments have the task to change the generation and management of waste streams, their success or failure can be identified by having a look at waste data. For the chapter on specific waste streams data on their generation and management will be presented; for waste prevention the waste data on generation of total waste as well as municipal waste have been selected as appropriate indicators. In order to guarantee harmonised data sets, time series of waste data will be provided by Eurostat or other official EU data sources. 

en	Biodegradable municipal waste

en	In this chapter the general objectives of waste prevention or one of the waste streams as a whole are described. Objectives of specific policy instruments are listed in the chapter on policy instruments.

en	This chapter contains the concrete measurable targets for waste prevention or management of a waste stream. Examples could be:  <ul><li> Generation of municipal waste has to be reduced by 5% in the next 10 years (quantitative waste prevention) </li><li> Content of mercury in batteries is limited to 0,0005 % by weight (qualitative waste prevention) </li><li> Recycling rate for C&D waste has to reach 70%. </li></ul> 

en	The chapter on political strategy lists the policy instruments which have been introduced to manage a waste stream or to foster waste prevention and explains, how they are working together in order to reach the above mentioned objectives.

en	The policy instruments are structured in four types - Regulatory instruments, Market based instruments, Information based instruments and Voluntary instruments and voluntary agreements.

en	These are policy instruments, where the legislation defines clear obligations, what has to be done or what is forbidden. Examples are bans, standards, compulsory criteria etc.

en	Market based instruments try to take influence by using financial pressures, e.g. taxes, charges, product fees, deposit refund schemes, subsidies.

en	Information can be directed either to the consumers in order to change their purchasing behaviour, e.g. awareness raising campaigns or product labelling, or the producers as a support to their environmental management, e.g. advisory programmes for businesses. 

en	Under this heading instruments with voluntary participation (EMAS, Ecolabelling) as well as agreements of business with government (self-commitment of business) can be mentioned.

en	Information about the results of policy instruments are presented in this chapter. Special focus is given on results which can be attributed to the whole set of policy instruments. Results which can be clearly assigned to only one policy instrument should be mentioned in above chapter.  Main focus of the country fact sheets is the presentation of policy instruments in selected fields of waste management. But as the policy instruments have the task to change the generation and management of waste streams, their success or failure can be identified by having a look at waste data. For the chapter on specific waste streams data on their generation and management will be presented; for waste prevention the waste data on generation of total waste as well as municipal waste have been selected as appropriate indicators. In order to guarantee harmonised data sets, time series of waste data will be provided by Eurostat or other official EU data sources. 

en	6 Construction and demolition waste - Each waste stream is presented in a separate section, but follows the same structure of information

en	In this chapter the general objectives of waste prevention or one of the waste streams as a whole are described. Objectives of specific policy instruments are listed in the chapter on policy instruments.

en	This chapter contains the concrete measurable targets for waste prevention or management of a waste stream. Examples could be:  <ul><li> Generation of municipal waste has to be reduced by 5% in the next 10 years (quantitative waste prevention) </li><li> Content of mercury in batteries is limited to 0,0005 % by weight (qualitative waste prevention) </li><li> Recycling rate for C&D waste has to reach 70%. </li></ul> 

en	The chapter on political strategy lists the policy instruments which have been introduced to manage a waste stream or to foster waste prevention and explains, how they are working together in order to reach the above mentioned objectives.

en	The policy instruments are structured in four types - Regulatory instruments, Market based instruments, Information based instruments and Voluntary instruments and voluntary agreements.

en	These are policy instruments, where the legislation defines clear obligations, what has to be done or what is forbidden. Examples are bans, standards, compulsory criteria etc.

en	Market based instruments try to take influence by using financial pressures, e.g. taxes, charges, product fees, deposit refund schemes, subsidies.

en	Information can be directed either to the consumers in order to change their purchasing behaviour, e.g. awareness raising campaigns or product labelling, or the producers as a support to their environmental management, e.g. advisory programmes for businesses. 

en	Under this heading instruments with voluntary participation (EMAS, Ecolabelling) as well as agreements of business with government (self-commitment of business) can be mentioned.

en	Information about the results of policy instruments are presented in this chapter. Special focus is given on results which can be attributed to the whole set of policy instruments. Results which can be clearly assigned to only one policy instrument should be mentioned in above chapter.  Main focus of the country fact sheets is the presentation of policy instruments in selected fields of waste management. But as the policy instruments have the task to change the generation and management of waste streams, their success or failure can be identified by having a look at waste data. For the chapter on specific waste streams data on their generation and management will be presented; for waste prevention the waste data on generation of total waste as well as municipal waste have been selected as appropriate indicators. In order to guarantee harmonised data sets, time series of waste data will be provided by Eurostat or other official EU data sources. 

en	Please mention important sources for the information, you included in the fact sheets. Legal document do not have to be mentioned here, because references for them are given in the sections above. Please use the following format for noting your references:<div style="MARGIN: 2pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #3971bc">Butcher, J., <em>Copy-editing: The Cambridge handbook</em>, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1975, p. 17.</span></div>For further information about referencing rules, please have a look at the following webpage:<span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><a href="http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-250304.htm"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-250304.htm</span></a></span>

en	Reference: title, number, year

en	numeric field

en	eg. 2008