A
Agriculture
n
A01
Cultivation
includes increase of agricultural area
y
A02
modification of cultivation practices
includes also intallation of perennial non-timber crops
y
A02.01
agricultural intensification
y
A02.02
crop change
y
A02.03
grassland removal for arable land
y
A03
mowing / cutting of grassland
y
A03.01
intensive mowing or intensification
v
y
A03.02
non intensive mowing
y
A03.03
abandonment / lack of mowing
y
A04
grazing
y
A04.01
intensive grazing
v
y
A04.01.01
intensive cattle grazing
y
A04.01.02
intensive sheep grazing
y
A04.01.03
intensive horse grazing
y
A04.01.04
intensive goat grazing
y
A04.01.05
intensive mixed animal grazing
y
A04.02
non intensive grazing
y
A04.02.01
non intensive cattle grazing
y
A04.02.02
non intensive sheep grazing
y
A04.02.03
non intensive horse grazing
y
A04.02.04
non intensive goat grazing
y
A04.02.05
non intensive mixed animal grazing
y
A04.03
abandonment of pastoral systems, lack of grazing
y
A05
livestock farming and animal breeding (without grazing)
y
A05.01
Animal breeding,
y
A05.02
stock feeding
y
A05.03
Lack of animal breeding
y
A06
annual and perennial non-timber crops
y
A06.01
annual crops for food production
y
A06.01.01
intensive annual crops for food production/ intensification
v
y
A06.01.02
non- intensive annual crops for food production
y
A06.02
perennial non-timber crops
includes olive grooves, orchards and vineyards
y
A06.02.01
intensive perennial non-timber crops/intensification
v
y
A06.02.02
non-intensive perennial non-timber crops
y
A06.03
biofuel-production
y
A06.04
abandonment of crop production
y
A07
use of biocides, hormones and chemicals
y
A08
Fertilisation
v
y
A09
Irrigation
including (temporary) transition from dry to mesic or wet contitions due to irrigation
y
A10
Restructuring agricultural land holding
y
A10.01
removal of hedges and copses or scrub
y
A10.02
removal of stone walls and embankments
y
A11
Agriculture activities not referred to above
y
B
Sylviculture, forestry
n
B01
forest planting on open ground
increase in forest area, planting e.g. on grasland , heathland
y
B01.01
forest planting on open ground (native trees)
y
B01.02
artificial planting on open ground (non-native trees)
increase in forest area
y
B02
Forest and Plantation management & use
y
B02.01
forest replanting
replanting on forest ground after clear-cutting
y
B02.01.01
forest replanting (native trees)
y
B02.01.02
forest replanting (non native trees)
y
B02.02
forestry clearance
clear-cutting, removal of all trees
y
B02.03
removal of forest undergrowth
y
B02.04
removal of dead and dying trees
y
B02.05
non- intensive timber production (leaving dead wood/ old trees untouched)
y
B02.06
thinning of tree layer
y
B03
forest exploitation without replanting or natural regrowth
decline of forest area
y
B04
use of biocides, hormones and chemicals (forestry)
y
B05
use of fertilizers (forestry)
v
y
B06
grazing in forests/ woodland
y
B07
Forestry activities not referred to above
e.g. erosion due to forest clearing, fragmentation
y
C
Mining, extraction of materials and energy production
n
C01
Mining and quarrying
y
C01.01
Sand and gravel extraction
y
C01.01.01
sand and gravel quarries
y
C01.01.02
removal of beach materials
y
C01.02
Loam and clay pits
y
C01.03
Peat extraction
y
C01.03.01
hand cutting of peat
y
C01.03.02
mechanical removal of peat
y
C01.04
Mines
y
C01.04.01
open cast mining
y
C01.04.02
underground mining
y
C01.05
Salt works
y
C01.05.01
abandonment of saltpans (salinas)
y
C01.05.02
conversion of saltpans
e.g. for aquaculture or rice fields
y
C01.06
Geotechnical survey
y
C01.07
Mining and extraction activities not referred to above
y
C02
Exploration and extraction of oil or gas
y
C02.01
exploration drilling
y
C02.02
production drilling
y
C02.03
jack-up drilling rig
y
C02.04
semi-submersible rig
y
C02.05
drill ship
y
C03
Renewable abiotic energy use
y
C03.01
geothermal power production
y
C03.02
solar energy production
y
C03.03
wind energy production
y
C03.04
tidal energy production
y
D
Transportation and service corridors
n
D01
Roads, paths and railroads
y
D01.01
paths, tracks, cycling tracks
includes non-paved forest roads
y
D01.02
roads, motorways
all paved/ tarred roads
y
D01.03
car parcs and parking areas
y
D01.04
railway lines, TGV
y
D01.05
bridge, viaduct
y
D01.06
tunnel
y
D02
Utility and service lines
y
D02.01
electricity and phone lines
y
D02.01.01
suspended electricity and phone lines
y
D02.01.02
underground/submerged electricity and phone lines
y
D02.02
pipe lines
y
D02.03
communication masts and antennas
y
D02.09
other forms of energy transport
y
D03
shipping lanes, ports, marine constructions
WFD
y
D03.01
port areas
WFD
y
D03.01.01
slipways
y
D03.01.02
piers / tourist harbours or recreational piers
y
D03.01.03
fishing harbours
y
D03.01.04
industrial ports
y
D03.02
Shipping lanes
includes canals, WFD
y
D03.02.01
cargo lanes
creates acoustic disturbance to some cetaceans
y
D03.02.02
passenger ferry lanes (high speed)
vessel collision with some cetaceans
y
D03.03
marine constructions
WFD
y
D04
airports, flightpaths
y
D04.01
airport
y
D04.02
aerodrome, heliport
y
D04.03
flight paths
y
D05
Improved access to site
y
D06
Other forms of transportation and communication
y
E
Urbanisation, residential and commercial development
n
E01
Urbanised areas, human habitation
y
E01.01
continuous urbanisation
y
E01.02
discontinuous urbanisation
y
E01.03
dispersed habitation
y
E01.04
other patterns of habitation
y
E02
Industrial or commercial areas
y
E02.01
factory
y
E02.02
industrial stockage
y
E02.03
other industrial / commercial area
inlcuding shopping centres
y
E03
Discharges
v
y
E03.01
disposal of household / recreational facility waste
v
y
E03.02
disposal of industrial waste
v
y
E03.03
disposal of inert materials
v
y
E03.04
Other discharges
v
y
E03.04.01
costal sand suppletion/ beach nourishment
WFD
y
E04
Structures, buildings in the landscape
y
E04.01
Agricultural structures, buildings in the landscape
y
E04.02
Military constructions and buildings in the landscape
without transportation e.g. airports see section D
y
E05
Storage of materials
y
E06
Other urbanisation, industrial and similar activities
y
E06.01
demolishment of buildings & human structures
includes bridges, walls..
y
E06.02
reconstruction, renovation of buildings
y
F
Biological resource use other than agriculture & forestry
n
F01
Marine and Freshwater Aquaculture
v
y
F01.01
intensive fish farming, intensification
v
y
F01.02
suspension culture
e.g. mussels, seaweed, fish
y
F01.03
bottom culture
e.g. shellfish
y
F02
Fishing and harvesting aquatic ressources
includes effects of bycatch/accidential catch in all subcategories
y
F02.01
Professional passive fishing
includes other fishing methods not listed in subcategories
y
F02.01.01
potting
y
F02.01.02
netting
y
F02.01.03
demersal longlining
y
F02.01.04
pelagic longlining
y
F02.02
Professional active fishing
y
F02.02.01
benthic or demersal trawling
y
F02.02.02
pelagic trawling
drift-net fishing
y
F02.02.03
demersal seining
y
F02.02.04
purse seining
y
F02.02.05
benthic dredging
y
F02.03
Leisure fishing
other than bait-fishing
y
F02.03.01
bait digging / collection
y
F02.03.02
pole fishing
e.g. sturgeons
y
F02.03.03
spear-fishing
e.g. overfishing of Scyllarides
y
F03
Hunting and collection of wild animals (terrestrial)
y
F03.01
Hunting
y
F03.01.01
damage caused by game (excess population density)
y
F03.02
Taking and removal of animals (terrestrial)
y
F03.02.01
collection of animals (insects, reptiles, amphibians.....)
y
F03.02.02
taking from nest (e.g. falcons)
y
F03.02.03
trapping, poisoning, poaching
y
F03.02.04
predator control
y
F03.02.05
accidential capture
e.g. accidental death in fishing gear
y
F03.02.09
other forms of taking animals
y
F04
Taking / Removal of terrestrial plants, general
y
F04.01
pillaging of floristic stations
y
F04.02
collection (fungi, lichen, berries etc.)
y
F04.02.01
hand raking
y
F04.02.02
hand collection
y
F05
Illegal taking/ removal of marine fauna
y
F05.01
dynamite
damages rocky substrates like reefs, disturbs marine mammals
y
F05.02
date mussel-fishing
damages rocky substrates and benthic communities
y
F05.03
poisons
damages coastal fish-fauna
y
F05.04
poaching
e.g. marine turtles
y
F05.05
shooting
e.g. marine mammals
y
F05.06
removal for collection purposes
e.g. marine invertebrates
y
F05.07
other (i.e. drift nets)
y
F06
Hunting, fishing or collecting activities not referred to above
e.g. harvesting of shellfish
y
F06.01
game/ bird breeding station
y
G
Human intrusions and disturbances
n
G01
Outdoor sports and leisure activities, recreational activities
y
G01.01
nautical sports
y
G01.01.01
motorized nautical sports
e.g. jet-skiing
y
G01.01.02
non-motorized nautical sports
e.g. wind-surfing
y
G01.02
walking, horseriding and non-motorised vehicles
y
G01.03
motorised vehicles
y
G01.03.01
regular motorized driving
standard vehicles & 4x4 on roads
y
G01.03.02
off-road motorized driving
y
G01.04
mountaineering, rock climbing, speleology
y
G01.04.01
mountaineering & rock climbing
y
G01.04.02
speleology
y
G01.04.03
recreational cave visits
terrestrial & marine
y
G01.05
gliding, delta plane, paragliding, ballooning
y
G01.06
skiing, off-piste
y
G01.07
scubadiving, snorkelling
e.g. disturbing monk seals and coastal nesting birds
y
G01.08
other outdoor sports and leisure activities
y
G02
Sport and leisure structures
y
G02.01
golf course
y
G02.02
skiing complex
y
G02.03
stadium
y
G02.04
circuit, track
y
G02.05
hippodrome
y
G02.06
attraction park
y
G02.07
sports pitch
y
G02.08
camping and caravans
y
G02.09
wildlife watching
e.g. bird watching, whale watching
y
G02.10
other sport / leisure complexes
y
G03
Interpretative centres
y
G04
Military use and civil unrest
y
G04.01
Military manouvres
y
G04.02
abandonment of military use
y
G05
Other human intrusions and disturbances
y
G05.01
Trampling, overuse
y
G05.02
shallow surface abrasion/ mechanical damage to seabed surface
e.g. by contact with scubadivers/ snorkellers, incurred by three-dimensional organisms present on reefs
y
G05.03
penetration/ disturbance below surface of the seabed
e.g. by anchoring/ mooring on reefs, in Posidonia meadows
y
G05.04
Vandalism
y
G05.05
intensive maintenance of public parcs /cleaning of beaches
v
y
G05.06
tree surgery, felling for public safety, removal of roadside trees
y
G05.07
missing or wrongly directed conservation measures
y
G05.08
closures of caves or galleries
y
G05.09
fences, fencing
y
G05.10
overflying with aircrafts (agricultural)
y
G05.11
death or injury by collision
e.g. marine mammals
y
H
Pollution
n
H01
Pollution to surface waters (limnic & terrestrial, marine & brackish)
WFD
y
H01.01
pollution to surface waters by industrial plants
WFD- differs further into UWWT, IPPC and other plants
y
H01.02
pollution to surface waters by storm overflows
WFD - WFD lists storm overflows as point and diffuse source
y
H01.03
other point source pollution to surface water
WFD
y
H01.04
diffuse pollution to surface waters via strom overlows or urban run-off
WFD
y
H01.05
diffuse pollution to surface waters due to agricultural and forestry activities
WFD (WFD does not include forestry effluents)
y
H01.06
diffuse pollution to surface waters due to transport and infrastructure without connection to canalization/sweepers
WFD
y
H01.07
diffuse pollution to surface waters due to abandoned industrial sites
WFD
y
H01.08
diffuse pollution to surface waters due to household sewage and waste waters
WFD: "releases from facilities for the storage and/or treatment of domestic effluent in areas without sewerage networks"
y
H01.09
diffuse pollution to surface waters due to other sources not listed
WFD
y
H02
Pollution to groundwater (point sources and diffuse sources)
WFD
y
H02.01
groundwater pollution by leakages from contaminated sites
WFD
y
H02.02
groundwater pollution by leakages from waste disposal sites
WFD
y
H02.03
groundwater pollution associated with oil industry infrastructure
WFD
y
H02.04
groundwater pollution by mine water discharges
WFD
y
H02.05
groundwater pollution by discharge to ground such as disposal of contaminated water to soakaways
WFD
y
H02.06
diffuse groundwater pollution due to agricultural and forestry activities
WFD (WFD does not include forestry effluents)
y
H02.07
diffuse groundwater pollution due to non-sewered population
WFD
y
H02.08
diffuse groundwater pollution due to urban land use
WFD
y
H03
Marine water pollution
specific to marine and brackish waters
y
H03.01
oil spills in the sea
y
H03.02
toxic chemical discharge from material dumped at sea
harming e.g. marine mammals, birds, reptiles
y
H03.02.01
non-synthetic compound contamination
incl. heavy metals, hydrocarbons, produced water
y
H03.02.02
synthetic compound contamination
incl. pesticides, antifoulants, pharmaceuticals
y
H03.02.03
radionucleide contamination
y
H03.02.04
introduction of other substances (e.g. liquid, gas)
y
H03.03
marine macro-pollution (i.e. plastic bags, styrofoam)
e.g. accidental ingestion by marine turtles, mammals, marine birds
y
H04
Air pollution, air-borne pollutants
v
y
H04.01
Acid rain
y
H04.02
Nitrogen-input
v
y
H04.03
other air pollution
y
H05
Soil pollution and solid waste (excluding discharges)
v
y
H05.01
garbage and solid waste
v
y
H06
excess energy
incl. geophysical surveys, if not under H06.05
y
H06.01
Noise nuisance, noise pollution
y
H06.01.01
point source or irregular noise pollution
y
H06.01.02
diffuse or permanent noise pollution
y
H06.02
Light pollution
y
H06.03
Thermal heating of water bodies
limnic,, brackish or marine water bodies
y
H06.04
Electromagnetic changes
e.g. in marine environment
y
H06.05
Seismic exploration, explosions
y
H07
Other forms of pollution
y
I
Invasive, other problematic species and genes
n
I01
invasive non-native species
plant & animal species
y
I02
problematic native species
y
I03
introduced genetic material, GMO
y
I03.01
genetic pollution (animals)
y
I03.02
genetic pollution (plants)
y
J
Natural System modifications
n
J01
fire and fire suppression
y
J01.01
burning down
activily burning down existing vegetation
y
J01.02
supression of natural fires
y
J01.03
lack of fires
y
J02
human induced changes in hydraulic conditions
y
J02.01
Landfill, land reclamation and drying out, general
y
J02.01.01
polderisation
WFD
y
J02.01.02
reclamation of land from sea, estuary or marsh
WFD
y
J02.01.03
infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, marshes or pits
WFD
y
J02.01.04
recultivation of mining areas
y
J02.02
Removal of sediments (mud...)
y
J02.02.01
dredging/ removal of limnic sediments
WFD "river management: dredging"
y
J02.02.02
estuarine and coastal dredging
WFD
y
J02.03
Canalisation & water deviation
y
J02.03.01
large scale water deviation
y
J02.03.02
canalisation
y
J02.04
Flooding modifications
v
y
J02.04.01
flooding
y
J02.04.02
lack of flooding
y
J02.05
Modification of hydrographic functioning, general
y
J02.05.01
modification of water flow (tidal & marine currents)
y
J02.05.02
modifying structures of inland water courses
WFD: land sealing in riparian zones and floodplains
y
J02.05.03
mofification of standing water bodies
e.g. creation of fish ponds
y
J02.05.04
reservoirs
y
J02.05.05
small hydropower projects, weirs
supply for single buildings, mills
y
J02.05.06
wave exposure changes
y
J02.06
Water abstractions from surface waters
WFD; exploitation of water ressources
y
J02.06.01
surface water abstractions for agriculture
WFD, e.g. irrigation
y
J02.06.02
surface water abstractions for public water supply
WFD
y
J02.06.03
surface water abstractions by manufacturing industry
WFD
y
J02.06.04
surface water abstractions for the production of electricity (cooling)
WFD
y
J02.06.05
surface water abstractions by fish farms
WFD
y
J02.06.06
surface water abstractions by hydro-energy
WFD, not for cooling
y
J02.06.07
surface water abstractions by quarries/ open cast (coal) sites
WFD
y
J02.06.08
surface water abstractions for navigation
WFD, e.g. for suppying canals
y
J02.06.09
surface water abstractions for water transfer
WFD
y
J02.06.10
other major surface water abstractions
WFD
y
J02.07
Water abstractions from groundwater
WFD, drainage, lowering of groundwater table
y
J02.07.01
groundwater abstractions for agriculture
WFD
y
J02.07.02
groundwater abstractions for public water supply
WFD
y
J02.07.03
groundwater abstractions by industry
WFD; WFD differetiates as subcategories IPPC, non IPPC industries
y
J02.07.04
groundwater abstractions by quarries/open cast (coal)sites
WFD
y
J02.07.05
other major groundwater abstractions from groundwater for agriculture
WFD
y
J02.08
Raising the groundwater table /artificial recharge of goundwater
WFD: artificial recharge of groundwater
y
J02.08.01
discharges to groundwater for artificial recharge purposes
WFD
y
J02.08.02
returns of groundwater to GWB from which it was abstracted
WFD: e.g. fro sand & gravel washing
y
J02.08.03
mine water rebound
WFD
y
J02.08.04
other major groundwater recharge
WFD
y
J02.09.
Saltwater intrusion of groundwater
WFD
y
J02.09.01
saltwater intrusion
WFD
y
J02.09.02
other intrusion
WFD
y
J02.10
management of aquatic and bank vegetation for drainage purposes
y
J02.11
Siltation rate changes, dumping, depositing of dredged deposits
y
J02.11.01
Dumping, depositing of dredged deposits
y
J02.11.02
Other siltation rate changes
y
J02.12
Dykes, embankments, artificial beaches, general
WFD
y
J02.12.01
sea defense or coast protection works, tidal barrages
WFD: including tidal barrages for flood defense and power generation
y
J02.12.02
dykes and flooding defense in inland water systems
WFD
y
J02.13
Abandonment of management of water bodies
y
J02.14
Altered water quality due anthropogenic changes in salinity
marine and coastal waters, e.g. algal growth on reefs
y
J02.15
Other human induced changes in hydraulic conditions
y
J03
Other ecosystem modifications
y
J03.01
reduction or loss of specific habitat features
y
J03.01.01
reduction of prey availability (inluding carcasses)
e.g. for birds of prey
y
J03.02
anthropogenic reduction of habitat connectivity
fragmentation
y
J03.02.01
reduction in migration/ migration barriers
y
J03.02.02
reduction in dispersal
y
J03.02.03
reduction in genetic exchange
y
J03.03
reduction, lack or prevention of erosion
y
J03.04
applied (industrial) destructive research
e.g. "marine scientific research" in a broad sense
y
K
Natural biotic and abiotic processes (without catastrophes)
n
K01
abiotic (slow) natural processes
y
K01.01
Erosion
y
K01.02
Silting up
y
K01.03
Drying out
y
K01.04
Submersion
y
K01.05
Soil salinization
y
K02
Biocenotic evolution, succession
includes enlargement of scrub vegetation area
y
K02.01
species composition change (succession)
y
K02.02
accumulation of organic material
y
K02.03
eutrophication (natural)
v
y
K02.04
acidification (natural)
y
K03
Interspecific faunal relations
y
K03.01
competition (fauna)
example: gull/tern
y
K03.02
parasitism (fauna)
y
K03.03
introduction of disease (microbial pathogens)
y
K03.04
predation
y
K03.05
antagonism arising from introduction of species
y
K03.06
antagonism with domestic animals
y
K03.07
other forms of interspecific faunal competition
y
K04
Interspecific floral relations
y
K04.01
competition (flora)
y
K04.02
parasitism (flora)
y
K04.03
introduction of disease (microbial pathogens)
y
K04.04
lack of pollinating agents
y
K04.05
damage by herbivores (including game species)
y
K05
reduced fecundity/ genetic depression
e.g. beause of too low population numbers
y
K05.01
reduced fecundity/ genetic depression in animals (inbreeding)
y
K05.02
reduced fecundity/ genetic depression in plants (incl. endogamy)
y
K06
other forms or mixed forms of interspecific floral competition
y
L
Geological events, natural catastrophes
n
L01
volcanic activity
y
L02
tidal wave, tsunamis
y
L03
earthquake
y
L04
avalanche
y
L05
collapse of terrain, landslide
y
L06
undergound collapses
y
L07
storm, cyclone
y
L08
inundation (natural processes)
v
y
L09
fire (natural)
y
L10
other natural catastrophes
y
M
Climate change
n
M01
Changes in abiotic conditions
y
M01.01
temperature changes (e.g. rise of temperature & extremes)
y
M01.02
droughts and less precipitations
y
M01.03
flooding and rising precipitations
y
M01.04
pH-changes
y
M01.05
water flow changes (limnic, tidal and oceanic)
y
M01.06
wave exposure changes
y
M01.07
sea-level changes
y
M02
Changes in biotic conditions
y
M02.01
habitat shifting and alteration
y
M02.02
desynchronisation of processes
y
M02.03
decline or extinction of species
y
M02.04
migration of species (natural newcomers)
y
U
Unknown threat or pressure
y
X
No threats or pressures
y
XE
Threats and pressures from outside the EU territory
y
XO
Threats and pressures from outside the Member State
y